We present a small data resource for comparing single-echo and multi-echo fMRI acquisitions. The multi-echo acquisition includes a number of enhancements over standard multi-echo fMRI acquisitions, including five echoes, complex reconstruction, and noise scans for thermal denoising. All raw data and fully-processed derived data are publicly shared on OpenNeuro.

While the E-SWAN DMDD questionnaire evaluates DMDD symptoms, its length increases response burden and limits use in resource-constrained settings. Using data from the Healthy Brain Network, here we developed an abbreviated version of the E-SWAN DMDD questionnaire using an approach based on Item Response Theory and computerized adaptive testing (CAT). Our 4-item short form correlated highly with the full form and demonstrated moderate associations with related behavioral constructs in developmental psychopathology. We anticipate that the short form will offer a brief assessment of DMDD that decreases burden for respondents.

Brain-behavior associations in humans are typically small. Although socioeconomic factors have long been linked to brain structure and function, their pervasiveness and magnitude have often been overlooked in human neuroscience. In their recent paper, Marek et al. map associations between 649 phenotypic variables and brain structure and function in a large youth sample. They find that the childhood environment—and socioeconomics specifically—has the greatest impact, exceeding effect sizes for cognition and mental health. The associated brain patterns localize to sensorimotor regions and resemble brain maps of arousal-related factors. Adjusting for socioeconomic factors weakens brain-cognition associations but shifts effects to regions more canonically tied to higher-order cognition. These findings suggest the childhood environment is a major source of variation in human neuroscience that may be essential for understanding brain organization.